1 Introduction | 2 Alpha calculations | 2.1 Alpha examples | 2.1.1 Alpha TD | 2.1.2 Alpha FD | 2.1.3 Alpha PD | 3 Standardized effect size (SES) | 3.1 SES examples | 3.1.1 SES FD | 3.1.2 SES PD | 4 Beta diversity | 4.1 Beta examples | 4.1.1 Beta spatial TD | 4.1.2 Beta spatial FD | 4.1.3 Beta spatial PD | 4.1.4 Beta temporal TD | 4.1.5 Beta temporal FD | 4.1.6 Beta temporal PD | 5 Traits average | 5.1 Traits average examples | 6 Suitability change | 7 Area calculation | 8 Richness difference between scenarios | 9 Occurrence distance helper | 10 Raster–polygon summaries | 11 Cropping by binary footprint